Fluid exchange between fractures/free-flow and porous media is of crucial importance in various geoscience applications, such as groundwater, hydrocarbon, and geothermal energy extraction from geologic reservoirs as well as storage of fluids (carbon dioxide, hydrogen, etc.) or energy in the subsurface. However, it is still challenging to quantify the fluid flow exchange between fractures/free-flow and porous media, particularly in fracture-dominated porous media. Here, we use 3D-printing techniques to manufacture a well-structured, transparent porous medium, which consists of two low- and high-permeability matrices, each with one flow-through and one dead-end fracture. We use Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to resolve fluid flow vector fields and Particle Image Velocimetry~(PIV) to determine the stress-jump and velocity-slip coefficients at fracture-matrix interfaces in the 3D-printed fractured porous medium. We further evaluate the cross-correlations between the aforementioned two coefficients and the velocities perpendicular to the fracture-matrix interface of flow-through and dead-end fractures. The calculated cross-correlation coefficients illustrate that the stress-jump and velocity-slip coefficients cannot quantify the fluid exchange with respect to the current definition of fracture-matrix interface. Using the PIV-measured fluid flow velocities, we further discuss in detail the velocity-dependent slip thickness at the fracture-matrix interfaces for typical incoming and outgoing flow regions. Finally, we propose a new quantity to relate fluid shear rates inside the fractures and inside the matrices around the fracture-matrix interfaces. Our study provides insights into the fluid exchange between fractures/free-flow and their surrounding matrix, which is crucial to characterize associated mass and energy transport processes.