Intraplate processes, such as continental surface uplift and intraplate volcanism, are enigmatic and the underlying mechanisms responsible are not fully understood. Central Mongolia is an ideal natural laboratory for studying such processes because of its location in the continental interior far from tectonic plate boundaries, its high-elevation plateau, and its widespread, low-volume, basaltic volcanism. The processes responsible for developing this region remain largely unexplained — due in part to a lack of high-resolution geophysical studies — and thus are open questions. A recent project undertaken to map the crust and upper mantle structure of central Mongolia has collected a large magnetotelluric array (~700 km ~450 km) (Käufl et al., 2020; see also Comeau et al., 2018a) (data described in Becken et al., 2021a, b). In addition, other groups have deployed networks of seismic recorders across the region (e.g., Zhang et al., 2017; Meltzer et al., 2019), creating a valuable opportunity for joint interpretation and analysis. These new datasets add to a rich collection of geological and geochemical information across Mongolia (e.g., Barry et al., 2003, and references therein), including recent thermobarometry, geochronology, and petrological analysis of surface lavas and xenoliths (e.g., Ancuta et al., 2018; Sheldrick et al., 2020). For its part, modern thermo-mechanical numerical modeling can provide insights by simulating the temporal evolution of dynamic tectonic processes, offering an opportunity to test various explanations. To better understand the evolution of the lithosphere, multidisciplinary results can be integrated into the geodynamic modeling. The simulation model can be evaluated against the available observational evidence and physically plausible mechanisms can be explored as potential explanations for intraplate surface uplift.